Algerian journal of Biosciences

Life form and Chorological types spectrum of Succulent plants in Wadi Yabraq and its around, Al-Wadheia, Abyan Governorate-Yemen

Madleen Abdullah obel

The present study was based on extensive surveys and field observation for diversity of succulent plants in Wadi Yabraq and its around, Alwadheea Dist.. In present investigation it is observed about 71 Species belong to 37genera and 21 Families, were identified. The most families plant that contributed in the investigated area were Apocynaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Analysis of the habit shows that Shrubs are dominate with 31 species followed by herbs with 29 species, Trees with 8 species, Liana with 3 species. Investigation of life forms species shows that Chamaephyte are the most important. (49.30%), followed byTherophytes (18.30%), phanerophyte (16.90%) HemicryptophyteS(8.45%), ,Geophytes(4.22%). Among the common regions vegetative, Sudano –Zambezian, were with the highest followed by Endemic and (Sudano –Zambezian Saharo –Arabian (.

Potential hepatoprotective effect of the crude extract of Lepidium sativum on an experimental model of hepatotoxicity

Samia Hadj Rabia

To investigate the effect of the high paracetamol doses on liver damage, we developed an experimental model of hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol. In our study, we were interested in the evaluation of the potential hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of Lepidium sativum (L.sativum ME). The latter, was prepared by maceration in methanol and then analyzed qualitatively, using staining and precipitation methods. Mice were randomly allocated into four groups: Ctrl, Paracetamol, ME (200mg/Kg) /Paracetamol and Paracetamol groups /ME (400 mg/Kg). Mice were euthanized and associated indications were investigated to evaluate the histological changes in the liver of the different groups as well as the degree of liver damage caused by paracetamol with and without treatment. With regard to our results, we have noted with interest a hepatoprotective effect of L.sativum ME. Indeed, our results indicate an improvement of the anatomopathological architecture of the hepatic sections following treatment with L.sativum ME. These observations could promote a potential target for the treatment of hepatic injury.

Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Ekstrak Herba Pegagan (Centella asiatica) pada Escherichia coli dengan Penggunaan Pelarut Etanol pada Berbagai Konsentrasi

Priyanto Dwi Nugroho

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri dari ekstrak herba pegagan (Centella asiatica) dengan tujuan menemukan metode ekstraksi optimal untuk memaksimalkan potensi biologisnya. Mengingat meningkatnya resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik dan kebutuhan akan solusi alami yang lebih aman, penelitian ini fokus pada penggunaan pelarut etanol dengan berbagai konsentrasi untuk ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif. Metode penelitian melibatkan ekstraksi dengan etanol 25%, 50%, dan 75%, diikuti oleh evaluasi aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi etanol pada ekstrak pegagan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap potensi antioksidan dan antibakteri. Etanol 75% memberikan aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri tertinggi, dengan perbedaan signifikan pada uji ANOVA (p-value 0.000). Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa ekstrak etanol 75% dari pegagan memiliki potensi terapeutik tinggi Konsentrasi ekstrak pegagan yang lebih tinggi memberikan efek antioksidan dan antibakteri yang lebih kuat.

MICROBIAL DIMENSION OF CLIMATE CHANGE: THE ROLES OF MICROORGANISMS IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND MITIGATION

Haruna Yahaya Ismail

One of the major global challenges of the Twenty-First Century is climate change, which leads to devastating health and ecological consequences. The most significant aspect of the problem is the understanding by most scientists and policymakers, that climate change is taking place, and hence various mitigation processes are been deployed to help arrest the situation. Consequently, attention has been given to anthropogenic activities as sources of greenhouse gases, but the significance and implications of microorganisms have been largely ignored. With the versatility and ubiquity of microorganisms, their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and their role in climate change mitigation cannot be overestimated. Methane, a very powerful greenhouse gas, is principally produced by a group of bacteria called methanogens at a rate of 20% of global methane production annually. Conversely, over two-thirds of the total fixed carbon annually in marine is brought about by some few bacterial species. As temperature is correlated with microbial metabolism, it is predicted that the activity of microbes responsible for the breakdown of carbon-based materials in the soil will speed up if the increase in temperature is not rapidly curtailed. Should this occur, there will be a greater environmental release of carbon dioxide, and this may undermine the success of mitigation approaches. Therefore, this study briefly highlighted some of the positive and negative contributions of microbes to climate change with a view to promoting the understanding and subsequent harnessing of the multifaceted roles of microbes as key actors in climate change.

Weeds diversity and physiognomy in some maize (Zea mays L.) farms in Bambili (North-West Region, Cameroon)

GILDAS PARFAIT NDJOUONDO

Weed management constitutes a major operation and cost in maize production in the North-West Cameroon. The study contributes to the knowledge of weeds diversity and physiognomy from farms in the North-West Region to find ecological methods for a sustainable management of these farms. Specifically, a floristic survey made to determine their invading level; analyse weeds globally in the area. The study took place from January 2022 to February 2023 through two approaches: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative approach was based on the observation of weeds (systematic) in all the farms with the aim of making as complete an inventory as possible of the weed flora. The quantitative approach made it possible to determine the density and proportions of weeds present in each survey. The study permitted to collect 15 families divided in 32 genera and 37 species showing that the most diverse family is Asteraceae with 11 species (29.72%), followed by Poaceae with 6 species (16.21%) and Amaranthaceae with 3 species (08.10%). These three families contributed 54.03% of the weed flora species of maize crop. As far as the distribution pattern of the weeds was concerned, there were 5 dominant weeds: Oxalis latifolia, Conysa sumatrensis, Paspalum sp., Bidens pilosa and Ageratum conyzoides. The rest of the weeds were however occasional and did not have consistent and dominant distribution. The Knowledge of these dominant species would permit weed scientists to formulate a long term weed management strategy in the locality in light of the weed flora recorded in maize crop.