Comparative sunscreen and stability studies of shea butter from Nigeria

Hadiza Ibrahim Mohammed; Zainab Mohammed; Rukayat Avuashi Oyi; Ibrahim Garba

Authors

Hadiza Ibrahim Mohammed Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development Gombe State University Gombe-Nigeria
Dr. Zainab Mohammed Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development Ahmadu Bello University Zaria-Nigeria
Prof. Oyi RA Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria-Nigeria
Prof. Ibrahim Garba

Keywords:

Comparative;, Northern Nigeria;, Shea butter, Stability, Sunscreen, Vitellaria paradoxa.

Abstract

Shea butter extracted from the nuts of Vitellaria paradoxa is utilized as food, medicine and a major source of income especially in the rural communities. The butter is reported to vary in their physicochemical compositions which may affect the sunscreen and stability of it, thus, the need for the present study. Shea nuts were collected from Ngaski (A), Bosso (B) and Yamaltu-Deba (C) of northern Nigeria. The in-vitro sunscreen activity was determined using UV-spectrophotometer and the stability study using plastic, clear and amber bottles stored in different conditions. The shea butter samples showed high SPF values at 1.00 % with shea butter C having the highest value at 37.49 % while shea butter A had the least value at 25.17. All the butter had sunscreen values less than 1 % at 0.50%. Samples stored in plastic, colourless and amber bottles in the refrigerator had higher moisture content while those stored at room temperature had lower moisture content, although samples in amber bottles stored in refrigerator were found to less peroxide values.

References

Egbunonu CM, Ogunjimi SI, Alabi OO. Assessment of Rural Women’s Knowledge on usage of Improved Shea Butter Processing Technologies in Ilorin East Local Government Area, Kwara State. Ife Journal of Agriculture, 2019, 31: 30-40

Ajala EO, Aberuagba AM, Olaniyan AM, Onifade KR. Optimization of Solvent extraction of shea butter (Vitellariaparadoxa) using response surface methodology and its characterization. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2016, 53: 730-738

Axtell JE, Anusien CI, Etim EE. Extraction and Characterisation of Shea Butter Oil. World Journal of Applied Science Technology, 2010, 2:282-288.

Oluwaseyi M. Effects of Topical and Dietary Use of Shea Butter on Animals. American Journal of Life Sciences, 2014, 2:303-307. DOI: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140205.18.

Negash YA, Eyachew DA, Bitew BD, Dagne H. Assessment of Quality of Edible Vegetable Oils Accessed in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Research Note, 2019. 12:793.

Okparanta S, Daminabo V, Solomon L. Assessment of Rancidity and Other Physicochemical Properties of Edible Oils (Mustard and Corn Oils) Stored at Room Temperature. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2018, 6: 10.11648.

Honfo FG, Akissoe N, Linnemann AR, Soumanou M, Van Boekel MA. Nutritional Composition of Shea Products and Chemical Properties of Shea Butter: A Review. Critical Revised Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 2014, 54: 673-680.

Abdulai A, Akwasi A, Iddrisu A. Effect of Soil Variation on Qualtiy of Shea Butter in Selected Areas of the Northern Region in Ghana. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development, 2015, 7:43-50.

Iddrisu A, Didia B, Abdulai A. Shea Butter Extraction Technologies: Current Status and Future Perspective. African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 2019, 13: 9-22.

Ranjithkumar J, Sameesh A, Ramakrishnan KH. Suncreen Efficacy of Punicagranatum (Pomegranate) and Citrulluscolocynthis (Indrayani) Seed Oils. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 2016, 3:198-206.

Montenegro L, Santagati LM. 2019. Use of Vegetable Oils to Improve the Sun Protection Factor of Sunscreen Formulations. Cosmetics, 2019, 6:25.

Akingbala JO, Adebisi ET, Baccus-Taylor GSH, Falade KO, Lambert IA. Effect of Nut Roasting, Temperature, Extraction, Process and Packaging Material on the Storage Properties of Shea Butter. West Indian Journal of Engineering, 2007, 30:32-36.

Mbanga L, Mpiana TP, Mbala MB, ILinga L. Comparative In-vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Values of Some Herbal Extracts found in Kinshasa by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 2015, 2:1-6.

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Official Methods of Analysis, 18th ed. Washington D.C., USA.

Diana ISP, Resende AJ , José MSL, Emília S, Maria TC, Honorina C, Isabel FA. Up-to-Date Overview of the Use of Natural Ingredients in Sunscreens. Pharmaceuticals, 2022, 15:372.

Kelly BA, Davrieux F, Bouvet M. A Shea Butter Rich in Tocopherols (Vitamin E) at the Dogon Plateau and Seno Bankass in Mali (West Africa). Journal of Phytology, 2018, 10:056-060.

Akihisa T, Kojima N, Katoh N, Kikuchi T, Fukastu M, Shimizu N, Masters ET. Triacyglycerol and Triterpene Esters Composition of Shea Nuts from Seven African Countries. Journal of Oleo Science, 2011, 60:35-91.

Timothy O, Ambrose K, Viola JK. Intraspecific Variation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Albizia coriaria Leaves from Some Agroecological Zones of Uganda. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, 1-14.

Idu M, Ovuakporie-Uvo O, Omoregie ES, Omosigho M. Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Activity and Phyto-Nutritional Composition of Cold and Hot Pressed Coconut Oils. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018, 05:056–066.

Shahidi F, Zhong Y. Measurement of Antioxidant Activity. Journal of Functional Foods, 2010, 18:10.1016.

Honfo FG, Hell K, Akissoe HN, Coulibaly ON. Effect of Storage Conditions on Microbiological and Physicochemicals Quality of Shea Butter. Journal of Food Science and Technology-Mysore, 2011, 48:274-9.

Ambreen G, Siddiq A, Hussain K. Association of Long Term consumption of repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils in different doses and hepatic toxicity through fat accumulation. Lipids in Health Disease, 2020, 19: 69.

Saba AM, Tsado DG, Okafor JO. Determination of the Effect of Storage Time and Condition on the Properties of Shea Butter. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Process Technology, 2018, 9:1000382.

Abdellah AM, Ishag KEA. Effect of Storage Packaging on Sunflower Oil Oxidative Stability. American Journal of Food Technology, 2012, 711:700-707.

Gargouri B, Zribi A, Bouaziz M. Effects of Containers on the Quality of Chemlali Olive oil During Storage. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2015, 52:1948-1959.